The IJOP app demonstrates that Chinese authorities consider certain peaceful religious activities as suspicious, such as donating to mosques or preaching the Quran without authorization. The app also labels the use of 51 network tools as suspicious, including many Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and encrypted communication tools, such as WhatsApp and Viber. Our analysis also shows that Xinjiang authorities consider many forms of lawful, everyday, non-violent behavior-such as “not socializing with neighbors, often avoiding using the front door”-as suspicious. Human Rights Watch finds that officials use the IJOP app to fulfill three broad functions: collecting personal information, reporting on activities or circumstances deemed suspicious, and prompting investigations of people the system flags as problematic.Īnalysis of the IJOP app reveals that authorities are collecting massive amounts of personal information-from the color of a person’s car to their height down to the precise centimeter-and feeding it into the IJOP central system, linking that data to the person’s national identification card number.
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